Nidhogg, also spelled Níðhöggr, is a malevolent dragon or serpent in Norse mythology that plays a significant role in the cosmic structure centered around Yggdrasil, the world tree. According to the Eddas and sagas, Nidhogg dwells beneath Yggdrasil, specifically in the realm of Niflheim, which is associated with ice, mist, and the underworld. The name Nidhogg itself is thought to mean "striker from beneath" or "tearer of corpses," reflecting its destructive nature and its position at the base of the world tree.
Nidhogg's primary function in Norse cosmology is as a force of destruction and chaos. The creature is described as constantly gnawing at the roots of Yggdrasil, threatening the stability of the entire Norse universe. This perpetual assault on the world tree symbolizes the ongoing struggle between order and chaos in Norse mythology. Despite Nidhogg's relentless attacks, Yggdrasil is sustained by the Norns, who water and tend to the tree daily, creating a balance between destruction and renewal.
In addition to its role as a threat to Yggdrasil, Nidhogg is also associated with the afterlife and the punishment of the dead. The Prose Edda mentions that Nidhogg feeds on the corpses of the guilty in Nastrond, a shore in Hel where oath-breakers and murderers are sent after death. This aspect of Nidhogg connects it to themes of justice and retribution in Norse mythology. The dragon is also said to be involved in the events of Ragnarök, the Norse apocalypse, where it is prophesied to fly from beneath Yggdrasil, carrying corpses in its wings, signaling the final battle and the end of the current world order.
The primary name is Níðhöggr, often anglicized as Nidhogg. The name is believed to mean "striker from beneath" or "tearer of corpses," reflecting its nature and position at the base of Yggdrasil.
The specific origin or creation of Nidhoggr is not clearly defined in Norse mythology. It is presented as a primordial being, existing since the formation of the cosmos.
Norse sources do not provide information about Nidhoggr's parents or offspring. It is typically portrayed as a singular entity without familial connections.
There are no known accounts of Nidhoggr having partners or lovers in Norse mythology.
Nidhoggr is not associated with specific items or weapons. Its primary "weapon" is its own body, using its teeth to gnaw at Yggdrasil's roots.
Nidhoggr is generally depicted as a solitary being. However, it is sometimes associated with serpents and worms that also dwell beneath Yggdrasil.
Nidhoggr's main influence is as a force of destruction and chaos. It threatens the stability of the Norse cosmos by constantly gnawing at Yggdrasil's roots. It also plays a role in the afterlife, feeding on the corpses of the guilty in Nastrond.